![]() ![]() From a psychological point of view, the implementation of the egalitarian attitudes represented by numerous respondents may have positive effects for Muslim women living in patriarchal societies. ![]() The reasoning of the respondents also sheds light on the importance of specific sacred texts when religious norms were developed individually. The sharp contrast between the perceived religious norms of Indonesian and Norwegian respondents may be caused by dissimilar cultural values in the two countries – values that influenced personal attitudes and thus the horizon of understanding where religion and authoritative text were interpreted. According to most Norwegian respondents, Islamic norms promote gender equality and oppose wife-beating. ![]() This was regarded as crucial for the wife’s destiny after death. According to most Indonesian respondents, Islamic norms prescribe male leadership and allow the husband to beat a disobedient wife. In addition, relevant Indonesian and Norwegian Muslim literature and web pages are examined. It is based on qualitative interviews with 59 Muslims in Indonesia ( N = 35) and Norway ( N = 24). This article explores the influence of religious factors and values held by local societies, when Muslims develop their personal attitudes and perceived religious norms regarding spousal roles and wife-beating.
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